فصلنامه نوآوری های آموزشی
پیاپی 80 (زمستان 1400)

Design thinking is a participatory problem-solving approach with a human-centered approach that enhances innovation by enhancing learners' creative thinking abilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of design thinking and review models of design thinking by collecting, evaluating and systematically reviewing articles related to this topic. In this study, the databases of Eric, Science Direct, Tyler, Francis, and Spearinger were searched, and all articles indexed in their databases from 2000 to 2020 were collected in English. After searching the databases, 1263 articles were obtained. After reading the abstracts and the initial review, the full version of 58 articles was prepared and reviewed. In the manual search that was done through the sources of articles, 5 sources were added according to the nature of design thinking, 3 reference sites for model presentation and 3 books. From 58 existing articles, related articles were selected and evaluated according to casp evaluation criteria, and finally 36 articles were analyzed and reviewed. According to the obtained studies, studies in three groups: 1- Articles that have provided a new definition of design thinking. 2- They have presented new models. 3- Models have been used in the implementation of the plan; Was divided and evaluated

Educated and efficient teachers have the capacity for change and innovation, and the quality of their performance and professional competence facilitates and develops the educational system. Understanding the importance of the role of teachers in creating change in the context of education, especially in practical and skill dimensions, the purpose of this study was to design a framework for the professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. The approach in this study was qualitative and the method used was a case study. Potential research participants included successful entrepreneurs in the field of education, especially teachers who had the necessary experience and expertise in the field, curriculum specialists who had valuable experiences in the field of research. Participants were selected using a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method and using the theoretical data saturation criterion to determine the number of participants. Semi-structured interviews and review of relevant sources and texts were used to extract the framework of professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. Also, using the thematic analysis method, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were obtained. Acceptable and reliable methods were used to validate the data. The initial framework consisted of 57 basic themes and four organizing themes (personality, teaching, social and professional competencies) around the overarching theme of the professional competencies of entrepreneurial teachers. In such a way that a teacher within the framework of professional competencies of teachers should have these competencies together and develop them together. The educational system must provide appropriate conditions and contexts with this organized framework.

The aim of this research is to semantic represent the phenomenon of professional identity of high school principals and also to propose a paradigmatic model for it. The research methodology was qualitative and the participants population embraced all high school principals of the three educational zones in Kermanshah, among whom, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 24 people were interviewed. The data were analyzed on grounded theory method and this was done with the help of Maxqda software. The findings showed that casual conditions the phenomenon of professional identity include specialized knowledge, professional skills and philosophy of the profession; contextual conditions include professional capacity and professional tendency; Intervening conditions include routine management and coercive organizational structure; and effective strategies on professional identity include professional co-thinking and interaction and Human relations based on mutual understanding and the consequences of professional identity, being a role model in one's profession, professional pride and being attracted to one's profession. Also, the defined core category is based on the professional identity of the high school principal in terms of " understanding oneself as a professional, the catalyst of professional progress ". This model can be used to design professional development courses and job performance of managers

The purpose of this study is to identify physical and non-physical factors affecting the desired experience of primary school students in educational spaces in Isfahan, which is innovative in terms of the subject matter and the nature of children's life experiences of attending educational spaces. The methodology of the present article is based on mixed method that students' mental images and life experiences have been obtained using their drawings. Given the integration of the identifier and the subject of identification in this method, it can be considered a suitable way to represent and understand the life experience of children. A total of 192 drawings were classified by open coding method and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis by SPSS software. The results indicate that the five main factors affect the lived experience and students' mental image of the educational environment, which in order of priority include 1. Emphasis on building legibility; 2. Referring to various types of activities; 3. Emphasis on the overall appearance of the building; 4. Pay attention to natural factors and outdoor space and 5. Pay attention to the details of environmental-sensory stimuli.

The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of an effective teacher in virtual education in the Corona era. The design of this research is a qualitative synthesis research of the type of conversion meta-combination and has been done using the six-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso. During the steps, while selecting the supercomposed team, the research question and the criteria for including the articles were determined, and during the systematic search of resources in Latin databases, 45 original articles were selected according to the exclusion criteria. Then, while extracting the basic themes, 54 basic themes were established, which in 8 themes organizing the first level and then 3 categories of organizing themes of the second level including cognitive presence (development of self-concepts in students, students' cognitive involvement, support of student activities), social presence (ability to create group activities, ability to manage group activities while teaching)and teaching presence(Skills in organizing their teaching knowledge, understanding the theoretical concepts of teaching in electronic environments, designing and implementing e-teaching). Finally, all the mentioned topics were presented in the form of the comprehensive theme of the effective teacher characteristics in virtual education. In the sixth step, the findings were validated using validation and transferability techniques. The nature of the teacher facilitating role in virtual education during the coronation period and the attention of those in charge of education to changes in education and its tendency towards e-learning, encourages them to review educational procedures.

Monitoring quality of educational system to ensure the quality of students' learning is one of the main responsibilities of educational systems and is considered as one of the indicators of the quality of education. In this regard, assessing students' learning in mathematics - as one of the key subjects - has significant importance. In this study, to assess quality of students’ learning in mathematics in the final grade of elementary schooling, a sample of 9720 sixth grade students in Tehran City was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster sample design. 264 math questions were distributed among students using matrix sampling. The results showed that the average performance of sixth grade students was 463, which is lower than the average scale (500). Also, girls performed better than boys. The comparison of different types of schools showed that public school students had performed weaker than students in other types of schools, but the difference in the students’ performance among other types of schools was not significant. In addition, there was a significant difference between the mean of students’ performances in different educational districts: the best performance was seen in districts 3, 2, 5 and 6 and the weakest performance was seen in districts 19, 15 and 18. The observed differences were almost noticed between public schools and schools with board of trustees too. In general, students of Tehran showed a relatively poor mathematics achievement, additionally, their achievement varies group by group.

The world of the future will coincide with dramatic and unprecedented developments in the fields of science, technology and information transmission. Living in such a world creates a large gap between the emerging generation of learners called the "Generation Alpha" and previous generations, making conventional learning methods inefficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the emerging generation of learners and design appropriate teaching and learning strategies in elementary education. This research is based on the qualitative meta- analysis method using conventional content analysis by Atlas.ti8 software. In the results section, in the first step, the characteristics of the generation alpha were identified and explained through nine categories. In the second step, concepts and propositions related to teaching and learning were inferred in the form of seven categories. These categories were then used to develop appropriate teaching and learning strategies for the generation alpha. The findings showed that the alphas tend to take the lead in their learning, blur the boundaries between formal and informal learning, and replace traditional one-way methods with interactive ones.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness training on social adjustment and academic resilience of male victims of bullying school. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in Marivan city, who were studying in the 2018-2019 academic year. Using cluster random sampling method, 60 students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (30) and control (30) groups.The participants of the experimental group were trained in groups for six weeks and two sessions per week (12 sessions in total). The questionnaires of “social adjustment” (1962) and “academic resilience” (2004) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that assertiveness training increased social adjustment but did not have a significant effect on academic resilience. There was a significant difference between the two groups in social adjustment (p <0.01) but no difference was observed between the two groups in the academic resilience variable. This research has implications for teachers, educators and school counselors and can be used to improve students' lives.

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of nine educational regions of North Khorasan Province in the academic year of 1996-97 by using data envelopment analysis method. In this method, a set of functions and features of educational areas are considered as input and output indicators. And, given the importance and impact of the indicators on total performance, the rational balance of outputs on the total amount of inputs is calculated and evaluated as the efficiency of the regions. To evaluate the efficiency of nine educational regions of North Khorasan province, data on teachers, schools, students and human resources from the Department of Education and Development of North Khorasan Province have been collected. Data envelopment analysis method has been used by using three inputs and two output indicators. In addition to assessing the efficiency of each area, efficient collections, reference patterns, desirable inputs and outputs, inadequate units, strengths and weaknesses of each region, and the status of resource use.

The purpose of the present study is to identify and evaluate occupational guidance curricula in countries around the world. The research method is descriptive and document analysis with comparative approach. The statistical population is the career guidance curriculum in the countries of the world and the sample of the UK's careers curriculum and work-related education and Australia's Victorian Careers Curriculum were selected purposefully. The model used is John Stuart Mill's method of agreement and difference. The data collection tools, document extraction, and data analysis were analyzed using content analysis method. In this study, we describe the differences and similarities between the main elements of the curriculum (goals, time, content, teaching-learning, Evaluation methods) in the UK's careers curriculum and work-related education and Australia's Victorian Careers Curriculum. The results of curricula analysis showed that each element has a wide range of characteristics and was designed and implemented so that students from elementary to high school had the skills and competencies to adapt their career prospects to their interests, talents and needs. Predict the community. Finally, according to the results of this comparative study, which has revealed the necessity of paying attention to the Career guidance curricula, some suggestions have been made for the Iranian education system.